Knowledge and utilization of diabetic retinopathy screening services among diabetic patients: A study at the Nakuru Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss globally. Early detection and timely treatment of DR through screening can avert vision loss. 

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of DR, utilization of DR screening services (DRS), and factors associated with utilization of DRS among diabetic patients attending the Nakuru Level 5 Hospital in Kenya. 

Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study used a quantitative approach and targeted 228 patients aged 18 years and above attending the Nakuru Level 5 Hospital Diabetic Clinic. A structured questionnaire was used to assess knowledge of DR, utilization of DRS, and factors associated with knowledge and utilization of DRS. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analyses was conducted. 

Results: The response rate was 100%. Mean age of respondents was 51years (range 18 - 86 years), 56.6% (129/228) had knowledge of DR, 33.8% (n=228) had utilized DRS. Factors positively associated with DR knowledge were higher education (p<0.0001) and higher income (p=0.002). On multivariate analysis, only higher education level was positively associated with knowledge of DR (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1-2.3], p=0.029). Factors positively associated with DRS utilization included knowledge on diabetic retinopathy (p<0.001), higher education level (p=0.05), residing in an urban area (p=0.039) and higher income level(p=0.031). On multivariate analysis, higher education level (OR 4.1 [95% CI 1.4-11.7], p=0.008) was positively associated with utilization of DRS. 

Conclusion: Knowledge and utilization of DRS in Nakuru Level 5 Hospital was sub-optimal. Higher level of education was associated with increased knowledge and utilization of DRS. Strategies to increase knowledge and utilization of DRS are needed.